VERB

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What Is a Verb?
Words that are used to describe action, state, or occurrence, and forming the main part of the predicate of a sentence, such as hear, become, happen are called verbs.

Verbs in English have four basic parts:


Base form (plural) (V1)

Past tense (V2)

Participle (V3)

-ing form (V4)

Base form (singular)(V5)
Play
Played
Played
Playing
Plays
Clean
Cleaned
Cleaned
Cleaning
Cleans
Meet
Met
Met
Meeting
Meets
Try
Tried
Tried
Trying
Tries

EXAMPLES

Sam tries very hard to pass the exam. (Present)

Sam is trying hard to pass the exam. (Present participle)

Sam tried hard to pass the exam (Past)

Sam has tried hard to pass the exam. (Past participle)

Types of verb

1.            Main verbs - The main verb is the one that expresses the main action of the subject.
Example-        1. Sam helped him.  
                       2. We enjoyed the party.

2.            Auxiliary verbs - Auxiliary verbs are also known as helping verbs and are used together with a main verb to show the tense of a verb. (am/is/are/was/were/has/have/had)

Example-        1. Sam was helping him.
                         2.they were enjoying the party.


3.            Modal verbs -  A modal vreb is a type of auxiliary (helping) verb that is used to express: ability, possibility, permission or obligation.(will-would/shall-should/may-might/can-could/must-must not/ need not/ought to)
Example-        1.  Could Tony run long distances when he was a boy?
                        2. Should I call a doctor?
                        3. Sam may be late.


Modal verbs

Expressing

Example
Would
Polite Request or Statement
Would you like a cup of tea?
Should
To give advice
We should respect our elders.
Can
To express ability
I can lift this box.
Can
to request permission
Can I close the door?
Could
Polite permission
Excuse me, could I say something?
Could
Ability in past
I could run very fast when I was younger.
May
to express possibility
It may rain today.
May
To express permission
May I have your pen, please?
Might
When we are not sure about something
I might see you tomorrow.
Might
As the past tense of may for requests
Sam wanted to know if Julie might come later.
Must
Strong obligation
You must keep your room tidy.
Must not
prohibition
You must not touch the painting.
Need not
lack of necessity/absence of obligation
I need not buy apples. There are plenty of apples in the fridge.
Should /ought to
Obligation
Advice
I should / ought to see a doctor.
You ought to listen carefully.




























Transitive and Intransitive Verbs

1.A transitive verb is one that exerts its action on an object.
Example-        Sam threw the ball.
                     Sam conveyed the message.

2. An intransitive verb does not does not require an object to act upon.
Example-        They jumped.
              The dog ran.


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